Day 2 Task: Basics Linux command

What is Linux?

The LINUX is an open-source, It’s freely available operating system that can be installed on a wide range of devices such as desktops, servers, smartphones, tablets, supercomputers, etc.

Linux File System Hierarchy – In Linux everything is represented as a file including a hardware program the files are stored in a directory and every directory contains a file with a tree structure that is called file system hierarchy.

1. /home – It creates the home directory for the users
2. /root – home directory for the root user
3. /boot – it contains a bootable file for Linux
4. /etc – contains all configuration files
5. /usr – by default software installed in this directory
6. /bin – it contains commands used by all users
7. /sbin – It contains commands only used by the root user
8. /opt – optional application software packages
9. /dev – essential devices files
10. /mnt – temporarily mounted filesystem

Features of Linux:

1- Open-Source
2- Secure
3- Simplified updates for all installed software
4- Multiple distribution(Fedora, Ubuntu, Centos, ReHat, Debian)

Basic Linux Commands

• ls / – your root directory.
• ls ~ – your home directory.
• uname : It shows name of kernal (OS).
• uname -r : It show version of kernal.
• clear : use for clear screen.
• whoami : It shows currently login user name.
• date : It shows time and date.
• cal : Show this month’s calendar
• history : It show list of previously used command.

1. ls – The most frequently used command in Linux to list directories
2. pwd – Print working directory command in Linux
3. cd – Linux command to navigate through directories
4. mkdir – Command used to create directories in Linux
5. cd .. – Change the directory to one step back.
6. cd ../.. – Change directory to 2 levels back.
7. mv – Move or rename files in Linux

Listing commands

ls – The most frequently used command in Linux to list directories

ls -a – you can see the whole list of files, including the hidden files.

ls -l – The ls command will only display the files.

ls -d */ – If you only want to display the sub-directories excluding all other files, you can use this command

ls -g – If you don’t want to display the owner information in your list

ls -lg – f you don’t want to display the group information in your list

ls ../ – This command contains the list of the parent directory.

Linux Command to Create a Nested Directory :

command to create a nested directory is : mkdir -p A/B/C/D/E

-p is for no error if existing, make parent directories as needed

tree command is used to show the nested directory.

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